Rock crusher with braked head



Sept. 21, 1965 L. w. JoHNsoN 3,207,449

ROCK CRUSHER WITH BRAKED HEAD Filed Dec. 2l, 1962 2 Sheets-Sheet l llllllllll man INVEN TOR. Louis VV. Johnson lll l7l /73 [27 BY Fig 2 Buckhorn, Cheatham 8 Blore A T TORNE YS Sept 21, 1965 W. JOHNSON 3,207,449

ROCK CRUSHER WITH BRAKED HEAD Filed Deo. 21, 1962 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig. 5

/N VE N TOR.

LOU/S W. JOHNSON BUCKHORN, BLORE, KLAROUIST 8 SPARKMAN ATTORNEYS United States Patent O 3,207,449 ROCK CRUSHER WITH BRAKED HEAD Louis W. Johnson, 3440 Franklin Blvd., Eugene, Oreg. Filed Dec. 21, 1962, Ser. No. 246,637 11 Claims. (Cl. 241-214) This application is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 81,337, filed January 9, 1961, now abandoned.

This invention relates to rock Crushers, and particularly to a rock crusher having a rockable head driven by a rotary mechanism. A cmsher of this type is shown in my prior copending application entitled Rock Crusher, Serial No. 600,791, led July 30, 1956, now abandoned in favor of a later filed copending application entitled Rock Crusher, Serial No. 150,616, filed November 2, 1961, now Patent No. 3,118,623.

In rock cnishers of the type under consideration, al though the crusher head is connected to the rocking mechanism by a rotary connection, there is sufficient friction in the connection to cause the head to spin. This spinning is objectionable for various reasons. The wear on the head is considerable because of its spinning engagement with rocks being fed into the crusher. Also, rocks are caused to bounce and fly upon encountering the -spinning head and this interferes with their being crushed, and thus interrupts or decreases the feed of rocks through the crusher. There are other reasons not necessary to set forth here.

It is a main object to provide a crusher of the type under consideration in which objectionable spinning of the head is eliminated.

Another object is to provide a `Crusher as just described in which the head is permitted to turn under emergency conditions to avoid damage to the machine.

A further object is to provide a Crusher as described above in which the head is permitted to rotate in a direction oposite to its direction of spin to enable the head to revolve slowly under the influence of turning forces imparted to it because of its circumferentially progressing rocking action on rocks being crushed against the stationary bowl.

A further object is to provide a crusher as described above in which the head is braked only during operation of the machine to thereby enable the head to be turned as desired when repairing or inspecting the machine.

Various other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. l is a vertical mid-section through a machine of lthe invention, certain parts being shown in outline form only;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical mid-section through the brake assembly;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged horizontal section taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the inside of a modified Crusher of my invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged vertical mid-sectional view through the modified crusher; and

FIG. 6 is a horizontal section taken along line 6-6 of FIG. 5.

Many of the features of the Crusher shown in FIG. 1 are disclosed in my prior copending applications entitled Rock Crusher, previously identified hereinbefore. Therefore, for convenience the superstructure and outer frame shell are shown only in outline form and are identified generally by the reference numeral 21. An inner shell 23 is connected by ribs 25 to the outer shell.

There is a wedge plate or cam plate 33 supported on the inner shell by an annular thrust bearing 35. The wedge plate has a depending shaft portion 37 between 3,207,449 Patented Sept. 21, 1965 ice which and the inner shell 23 a roller bearing 39 is arranged. The wedge plate 33 is driven by an input shaft 43 by means of gears 45 and 47.

There is a crusher head 73 between which and the wedge plate are bearings 81 and 87. The head has a mantle 91 secured to the body portion of the head by a bolt 93 and a nut 95. Suitable oil seals are provided but not numbered.

General descriptionv of Crusher Means are provided to brake the head 73 against rotation with the wedge plate 33 when the crusher is in operation. This means includes a brake generally indicated by the reference numeral 101 (FIG. 1) mounted on the bottom edge of the shell 23 and connected to an overrunning clutch 103 (FIG. 2) mounted on the lower end of a vertical shaft 105. A coupling 107 (FIG. 1) connects the upper end of the shaft to the lower end of the bolt 93.

The clutch 103 is constructed and mounted so that when the brake is engaged, the clutch prevents rotation of the shaft (and thus the head) with the wedge plate, but permits rotation of the shaft (and thus the head) in the opposite direction. The importance of the latter movement will be explained shortly.

The brake 101 is actuated by the pressure of the lubricating oil which is fed from a pump 109 (FIG. l) to the brake and thence to the lparts of the crusher to Abe lubricated. A pressure regulator valve 111 (FIG. 2) creates and controls the pressure of the oil acting against the brake.

Detail description Referring to FIG. 2, the brake 101 includes a cupshaped housing 121 having a flange 123 bolted to the underside of the crusher housing at 125 (FIG. 1). The brake housing 121 is closed by a plate 127, and the lower end of the shaft 105 projects into the housing. The clutch housing, also numbered 103 for convenience, is rotatably mounted on the shaft 105, whereas the hub 129 of the clutch is keyed to the shaft.

Keyed on the clutch housing is the hub of a brake disk mounting member 131 having an annular brake disk 133 on either side thereof. Suitable pins 134 slidably but non-rotatably connect the mounting member and disks.

Above the upper disk 133 is an annular thrust washer 135. Below the thrust washer is an annular brake plate 139. The washer 135 and plate 139 are keyed at 140 to the brake housing 121 to prevent rotation of the justnamed parts relative to the brake housing but permit shifting movement of such parts vertically.

Beneath the lower brake disk 133 is an annular piston 151 disposed in an annular cylinder 153, the latter being retained in place by a snap ring 155, `and prevented from rotating by the key 140.

The input drive shaft 43 (FIG. 1) has a sprocket 161 having a chain (not shown) driving a sprocket 163 which drives the pump 109. The pump picks up oil from a sump in the bottom of the shell 23. The output from the pump is fed to a pipe 165 (FIG. 2) in the housing 121, the pipe being connected to the bottom wall of the cylinder to supply oil to the cylinder.

The outlet from the cylinder is by way of the pressure regulating valve `111 mounted on the cylinder and connected by a conduit 171 to a rotary seal 173. The valve determines the pressure of the oil in the cylinder.

The seal 173 communicates with a central passage 174 in the shaft 105. Oil passes through the passage 174 and out through the coupling 107 to the bearings and to the various oil passages in the associated parts.

The shaft 105 is mounted yby bearings 181 in a central bore of the shaft portion 37 of the wedge plate 33, and

carries on its upper end an elongated slide member 183 (compare FIGS. 1 and 3) forming part of the coupling 107. The slide member lits in a complementary groove 184 (FIG. 3) formed in a body member 185. The .body member has a second groove 186 receiving a second elongated slide member 187 which is at right angles to the rst slide member and is secured to the lower end of the bolt 93, such as by welding and pilot pins 188. The sides of the second slide member 187 are convex to accommodate the rocking movement of the head 73 and thus the bol't 93 relative to the body member 185, this movement -being of course caused by the wedge plate 33.

Operation When the Crusher is started, the pump 109 will supply oil to the cylinder 153. The valve 111 will cause oil pressure to build up to the desired value to force piston 151 upwardly and cause rm engagement between the relatively rotating parts 135, 139, 133 and 151. This action holds t-he shaft 105 against rotation with the ,wedge plate 33. The piston 151 is preventing from any rotary movement by -a stop 199 on the cylinder 153 projecting between ribs 201 on the piston.

However, the circumferentially progressing wobbling movement of the head 73 relative to the outer frame shell 21 during a crushing oper-ation will urge the head to rotate slowly in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the wedge plate 33. This movement will be permitted by the clutch 103.

The coupling 107 prevents relative rotary movement between the shaft 105 and the head 73, but allows the head 73 to rock or wobble relative to the shaft 105.

Instead of the brake 101, a shear pin could be used to connect `the clutch housing 103 to a stationary part of the machine. However, this would necessitate replacement of the pin in the event it was sheared, and would not enable free rotation of the head 73 when the machine was at rest.

lFIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show a modified form of the invention wherein the reference numerals are followed by the letter m to avoid confusion with numerals used in connection with the rst form -of -the invention.

FIG. 4 shows the general arrangement of my modified Crusher in which there is a frame 11m with a hollow central cavity 13m in part Vcovered by an annular anvil or bowl 15m releasably held down on the frame by a conventional mechanism shown inthe form of springs 17m. Instead of springs, a hydraulic or pneumatic or hydraulicpneumatic hold down mechanism is preferred.

Within the cavity y13m is a Crusher head 19m which is rotatably mounted on a cam member 21m in turn driven by Ia drive mechanism 23m from a motor, not shown, disposed at the exterior of the crusher. The cam member is in the form of a tubular member having an exterior camproviding ange.

Now referring to FIG. 5, the head 19m is annularly recessed to receive the upper tubular portion of the cam member 21m. The ltubular portion contains a radial antifriction bearing 25m which ts on a depending portion of the head 19m. The head 19m is supported vertically by Ian .antif-riction thrust bearing 26mf mounted on a camming flange 27m projecting laterally from the tubular body portion of the cam member 21m. The ange 27m rests on an antifriction thrust bearing 29m mounted on a portion of the frame 11m'.

The lower tubular portion of the cam member 21m contains a radial antifriction bearing 31m tting on the upper end of lan axle 33m. The axle has a lower tapered portion secured by a nut 35m-v in a mating tapered bore in a centrally disposed portion of the frame 11m. A retainer 37m on the upper end of the axle prevents upward movement of the cam member 21m, Without interfering with the rotation thereof.

The axle 33m` is concentric with the annular anvil or bowl 15m and the bearings 29m `and 31m are concentric with the axle 33m. The upper bearings 25m and 26m are concentric with the axis of the head 19m, which axis is oblique to the axis of the axle and intersects such axis at a place near the top -of the head 19m. Thus the head is rocked progressively as the cam member 21m rotates to crush -rocks fed between the head and the annular anvil or bowl 15m.

The cam member 21m is driven by a shaft 41m` geared to lthe cam member. A motor, not shown, drives the shaft 14m.

While the bearings employed in supporting the head are antifriction, there is sucient friction present to cause the head to spin when there is no rock being crushed, were it not for a braking structure provided. This structure includes a hydraulic brake 43m mounted in a cavity in the lower part of the frame 11m of thel machine. The piston 45m of the brake overlies a brake disc 47m secu-red to an overrunning (one-way) clutch 49m contained in a central cavity in the lower portion of the axle 33m. A spindle 50m extends upwardly from the clutch through a bore in the axle and is mounted by a bearing 37m in the retainer 37m. The spindle 50m: is connected by a universal joint `general-1y entitled 51m to the head 19m'.

More specifically, the joint 51m includes a slide bar 51m xed to the upper end of the spindle 50m and slid- .ably received by a groove formed in a free joint member 51m. The free joint member is formed with a cross groove slidably and rockably receiving a slide bar 51m" formed on the lower end of a shaft 52m, which shaft connects the various parts -of the head 19m together.

A pump 53my within the frame 11m is driven from the l shaft 41m and delivers oil to the hydraulic brake 43m through a conduit 55m, any time the machine is running. A pressure regulator 56m controls the pressure of the oil. Actuation of the brake prevents the head 19m from spinning lsympathetically `with the cam member but, because Iof the one-way clutch 49m, does not prevent the head from turning slowly in the direction opposite the direction the cam member t-urns. Itis important that such turning be permitted because the progressive rocking movement of the head while `crushing rock creates forcesurging the head to turn.

The pump '53m also supplies oil to a conduit 57m from the sump, which i-s provided by the large cavity in the lower portion of the frame 11m. The conduit feeds oil to the central bore of the axle 33m from whence oil is delivered by suitable passages to the various bearings. Suitable return passages conduct the oil back to the sump.

Having described the invention in what is considered to be the preferred embodiment thereof, it is desired that i-t be understood that the invention is not to be limited other than by the provisions of the following claims.

I claim:

1. In a rock crusher yof the type having a bowl and a head cooperable with the bowl in a crushing operation,

rotary means beneath the head rotatably supporting the head and operable upon rotation to actuate said head,

means extending upwardly through said rotary means and operable when actuated for positively preventing any rotary movement of said head in the same direction as said rotary means,

and means operable only when said rotary means is being driven to actuate said upwardly extending means so that when the crusher. is idle, the head is free to rotate in any direction.

2. In a rock crusher of the type having a bowl and a head cooperable with the bowl in a crushing operation,

rotary means beneath the head rotatably supporting the head and operable to actuate said head,

connecting means extending upwardly through said rotary means and coupled to said head,

braking means, i

and means connecting said braking means to the lower end of said connecting means and operable to transmit the braking effect of said braking means to said connection means in only one direction of rotation of said connecting means relative to said braking means.

3. In a rock crusher of the type having a bowl and a head cooperable with the bowl in a crushing operation,

a head cooperable with the bowl in a crushing operation,

rotary means rotatable in a predetermined direction for causing said head to rock relative to said bowl and relative to said means,

means mounting said head for free rotation relative to said bowl,

and means for positively precluding any rotary movement of said head in said predetermined direction but leaving said head free to rotate without restraint in the opposite direction,

the last-named means including a coupling with said head.

5. In a rock crusher of the type having a bowl and a head cooperable with the bowl in a crushing operation,

means for causing said head to rock relative to said bowl and means,

said head being free to rotate relative to said bowl,

a source of uid under pressure,

means to activate and inactivate said source,

and means responsive to the vpressure of said fluid for preventing rotary movement of said head at least in one direction.

6. In a rock crusher of the type having a bowl and a head cooperable with the bowl in a crushing operation,

means for causing said head to rock relative to said bowl,

said head being free to rotate relative to said bowl,

a source of fluid under pressure,

means to activate and inactivate said source,

means responsive to the pressure of said Huid for preventing rotary movement of said head at least in one direction,

said fluid being lubricating oil for various parts of said crusher,

and means for conducting said oil to said parts.

7. In a rock crusher of the type having a bowl and a head cooperable with the bowl in crushing operation,

rotary means beneath the head rotatably supporting the head and operable to actuate said head and cause said head to gyrate relative to said bowl and said rotary means,

a vertical shaft movable about a xed axis,

a universal coupling between said shaft and said head,

and connecting means connecting said shaft to a stationary means, said connecting means including one-way drive means.

8. In a rock crusher of the type having a bowl and a head cooperable with the bowl in a crushing operation,

rotary means beneath the head rotatably supporting the head and operable to actuate said head and cause said head to rock relative to said bowl and said rotary means,

braking means including at least two opposed relatively rotatable members which upon forceable engagement are prevented from relative rotation,

connecting means for connecting one of said members to a stationary means,

6 connecting means for connecting the other of said members to said shaft, one of said connecting means including a one-way coupling unit. 9. In a rock crusher of the type having a bowl and a head cooperable with the bowl in a crushing operation,

rotary means beneath the head rotatably supporting the head and operable to actuate said head and cause said head to rock relative to said bowl,

a vertical shaft,

a coupling between said shaft and said head,

braking means for arresting rotary movement of said shaft,

and one-way drive means between said braking means and said shaft,

said braking means being fluid pressure operated,

a lubricating oil pump having an output connected to said braking means,

and means for so impeding the free flow of oil from said braking means as to create a desired pressure against said braking means.

10. In a rock crusher of the type having a frame,

a bowl supported on the frame and a head cooperable with the bowl in a crushing operation,

a member beneath said head rotatably mounted on said frame and rotatably supporting said head for gyratory and rocking movement,

said member having a vertical passage extending axially therethrough,

an elongate element extending axially through said passage,

bearing means between said element and member so that said element is supported at least in a lateral direction by said member,

means coupling the upper end of said element to said head and prohibiting relative rotation between the two but permitting gyratory and rocking movement of said head,

braking means interposed between the lower end of said element and said frame,

and clutch means interposed between said braking means and said element and operable to transmit the braking action of said braking means to said element to prevent rotary movement of said head with said member but interrupting said braking action in the opposite direction to permit slow turning movement of said head in the opposite direction as urged by the crushing operation.

11. In a rock crusher of the type having a frame,

a bowl supported on the frame and a head cooperable with the bowl in a crushing operation,

a member beneath said head rotatably mounted on said frame and rotatably supporting said head for gyratory and rocking movement,

said member having a central opening,

a fixed upstanding axle on said frame projecting into said opening,

said axle having a vertical passage therethrough,

an elongate element extending axially through said passage,

bearing means between said element and axle so that said element is supported at least in a lateral direction by said axle,

means coupling the upper end of said element to said head and prohibiting relative rotation between the two but permitting gyratory and rocking movement of said head,

braking means interposed between the lower end of said element and said frame,

and clutch means interposed between said braking means and said element and operable to transmit the braking action of said braking means to said element to prevent rotary movement of said head with said member but interrupting said braking action in the opposite direction to permit slow turning movement of said 7 8 head in the opposite direction as urged by the crushing 2,5 79,238 12/51 Lippmann 241-215 operation. K 2,829,842 4/ 5 8 Mssinger 241'208 I Referilces Cited by the Examiner ANDREW R. JUHASZ, Primary Examiner. UNITED' STATES PATENTS 5 J. SPENCER OVERHOLSER, Examiner. 1,083,283' 1/14 Kelly 241-207 v 

1. IN A ROCK CRUSHER OF THE TYPE HAVING A BOWL AND A HEAD COOPERABLE WITH THE BOWL IN A CRUSHING OPERATION, ROTARY MEANS BENEATH THE HEAD ROTATABLY SUPPORTING THE HEAD AND OPERABLE UPON ROTATION TO ACTUATE SAID HEAD, MEANS EXTENDING UPWARDLY THROUGH SAID ROTARY MEANS AND OPERABLE WHEN ACTUATED FOR POSITIVELY PREVENTING ANY ROTARY MOVEMENT OF SAID HEAD IN THE SAME DIRECTION AS SAID ROTARY MEANS, 